D01
What Is Market Breadth?
Market breadth summarizes how many securities are advancing, declining, or unchanged.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.Market Education / Collection
Trading Concepts
Plain-English explanations of candles, moving averages, sessions, quotes, and market structure.
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D02
Reading Candles Across Multiple Timeframes
Candles summarize price movement over a chosen interval; the interval changes the question each candle answers.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.D03
What Are the 20, 50, and 200 EMAs?
An exponential moving average gives more weight to recent observations within a selected lookback window.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.D04
What Are Swing Highs and Swing Lows?
Swing points describe local highs and lows identified from surrounding price action; exact rules vary by system.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.D05
Understanding Market Leaders and Laggards
Leaders and laggards describe relative movement, but price leadership and index contribution are not the same thing.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.D06
Reading an Intraday Market Move
Combine session context, breadth, weighted impact, and individual price action without treating one view as the whole story.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.D07
Understanding Bid, Ask, Last, and Spread
Bid and ask represent displayed buying and selling interest; last is a reported trade, and spread is the difference between bid and ask.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.D08
Why Pre-Market, Regular, and After-Hours Data Can Differ
Trading sessions differ in liquidity, eligible venues, and the prices and volumes available to a data feed.
Full editorial draft available for owner review; not approved for public indexing.